Private vs. Public College: Which Should You Attend

Public or private college? This is one of the first decisions to make when you’re looking at colleges. Know the differences between the two and some questions to ask to help make your best choice. Consider applying to both public and private colleges, including some community colleges. This helps you keep your options open and creates even more competition for your skills. What factors should you consider when making this decision?

Cost

One of the biggest factors that differentiates private and public colleges is cost. Because private schools don’t have government funding, they generally charge higher tuition than public universities. This is especially true for students attending a public university with in-state tuition. However, private school tuition is the same no matter what state a student is from. At public universities prices increase significantly for students not attending in their home state.

Both types of colleges offer merit scholarships, usually based on GPA or test scores, and need-based aid based on your family income. Don’t discount either option before doing your research and talking to a school’s admission team.

Class Sizes

At private colleges, class sizes are typically smaller, allowing for more student engagement with professors. While many public universities offer honors programs that give students a smaller feel, many freshman classes at public universities are held in lecture halls with hundreds of students. 

At larger public universities, however, class offerings may be more extensive than at a private college. No matter where you attend, sit at the front of the class, go to your professors’ office hours, and find great students to study with (usually others who sit in the front). Most importantly, understand which will be the best setting for you to learn.

College Funding

The defining difference between public and private colleges is where they get their funding. Public colleges receive funding from state governments while private colleges receive funding from tuition and endowments. Most private colleges are not-for-profit but some for-profit private colleges exist as well (these are typically not as highly regarded). 

At a private college, look at the size of their endowment, if it is public information. Make sure they have the funding to stay open, especially in challenging economic times. You don’t want to risk a small private college closing halfway through your college career.

Community and Social Life

Both types of colleges offer great opportunities for students to connect and build relationships. Private colleges are usually smaller, making it easier for some students to get to know others on campus and have an impact. At a bigger university, clubs and activities and organizations are available for nearly every interest. No matter what type of school you’re considering, ask about some of these activities on a college visit.

Think about what size of school and student body you would thrive in. If you’re looking for a smaller, tight-knit community, a private college might be the right choice. If you want a large number of opportunities and activities (and plan to diligently pursue them), then a public college might be a better fit for you. 

Sports and Activities

Smaller public colleges or private universities are usually in lower sports divisions such as Division II, III, or NAIA, which can offer students the chance to continue playing the sports they loved in high school, even if not at a DI level. If you plan to retire from your main high school sport or activity, make sure you find another extracurricular to invest your time in during college.

Graduation Rates

The 6-year graduation rate at private nonprofit schools is slightly higher than the 6-year graduation rate at public institutions:  67% at private colleges and 61% at public universities. But what matters most is the graduation rate at the specific college you plan to attend. Graduation rates reflect the community that you’re entering. You want to be around students who will challenge you and motivate you to do your best. 

_______________________

At either private or public colleges, you get out what you put in, especially in terms of campus involvement and academic growth. 

For example, you typically have more access to your professors and smaller classes at private colleges. This makes it easier to naturally build relationships with professors, while you might have to take more initiative or be part of an honors college or smaller program at a public university. 

Don’t get complacent, however; you could also waste those great opportunities at a smaller college. Make your college experience successful. If you need help finding and choosing colleges, learn more about OnToCollege College Admissions Counseling.