Many colleges and universities no longer require students to submit a standardized test score for admission. Submitting an ACT® Test or SAT® Test score is often optional. But the test is optional primarily for those excited to pay full price. For those seeking scholarships, jump that score and improve your chances of winning them.
The Growth of Test-Optional Colleges
Bowdoin College became the first test-optional school in 1969. The National Center for Fair and Open Testing (FairTest) list currently includes over 1,800 colleges and universities that are test-optional for admission. Many colleges still require test scores for admission, others for scholarships, or both. Some colleges are "test-flexible" and require some standardized test results (such as AP or IB). Other colleges superscore, allowing applicants to combine their best subject area scores from multiple ACT® or SAT® Test dates.
Why Universities Use Standardized Tests for Admission
Here’s the big reason why standardized tests matter: high school GPAs are not consistent across states or even districts. An A at one high school might be a B or C at another. Some high schools use 4-point scales. Some use 5-point scales. Honors and AP courses are weighted at some schools, but not at others. Application essays are subjective and can be plagiarized or written by another student, a parent, or a paid professional. Those essays and recommendation letters often correlate with a student's family's wealth much more than a test score. A student's ACT® Test or SAT® Test score simply allows additional understanding of the applicant. Grade inflation has entered many high schools, primarily due to parental pressure. In an exclusively test-optional world, pressure on high school teachers to inflate grades would become even more intense.
Why Schools Become Test-Optional
This shift comes for a variety of reasons. One is a desire to boost the number of applications received. Other reasons might include:
- a desire to improve the number of students from underrepresented backgrounds who apply and enroll
- the concern about relying too much on a single test in the admissions process
- the feeling that test prep is primarily available to wealthy students (one driving reason for OnToCollege serving so many high schools directly is to provide affordable, engaging, effective prep for all students)
- a desire to boost their reported freshman class ACT® Test or SAT® Test score, improving the college's rankings
In 2014, professors at the University of Georgia published a study, The Test-Optional Movement at America’s Selective Liberal Arts Colleges: A Boon for Equity, or Something Else?, which found the opposite impact. As application numbers grew, colleges became more selective, and higher scores still made a difference. Average test scores for incoming freshmen rose substantially because lower-scoring students did not submit scores. However, diversity at the 32 test-optional institutions reviewed did not improve. For students who struggle with standardized tests, test-optional admissions can be a benefit. But remember that where test scores are absent, other, more subjective attributes become more prominent: GPA, academic rigor, extracurricular activities, leadership, writing ability, interviewing skills, recommendation letters, essays, etc.
Some schools, such as MIT, were temporarily test-optional but now require test scores again. MIT's internal research found that requiring test scores helped improve the diversity of their enrolled students and also improved the likelihood that those enrolled students would pass the required freshman courses at MIT. No one benefits when students drop out of college because they're not college-ready. Here is a U.S. News list of top colleges that still require test scores.
Submitting Test Scores to Test-Optional Colleges
Who should consider submitting test scores for applications, even where scores are optional?
- Scholarship seekers
- Early admission professional program students (usually required)
- International students (usually required)
- Homeschool students (usually required)
- Transfer applicants who have not completed freshman year (often required)
- Students with above-average test scores
- Students with lower GPAs
In a time when the average cost of college is more than $38,000 per year, and the average student leaves college with $35,000 in debt, solid test scores are still one of the best ways to become a two- or four-year college graduate with minimal debt. Given the thousands of dollars in scholarships available, jumping your ACT® Test or SAT® Test score is still the best-paying part-time job a high school student can have! So even if you’re not required to submit a standardized test score for college admission, maybe you should.
“Test-optional” means optional primarily for those excited to pay full price because colleges that are test-optional still typically require test scores for scholarships. Plus, many colleges look at test scores for class placement or require minimum scores for specific programs or majors. Finally, if two similar candidates apply to a selective college—one with a college-ready test score and the other supplying no score—who do you think has the advantage?
Interested in more reasons Why the ACT® Test & SAT® Test Matter at Test-Optional Colleges?
